CLONING

CLONING

Cloning in biology - a method to obtain several identical organisms through neuter (including vegetative) reproduction. 

The term cloning has come to Russian from the English language. Only slightly modifying their sound and writing, he is tracing paper the English clone, cloning. At the same English word is used (as a biological term) of less than 100 years ago. However, during this short period to life the words they have already managed several times to change its meaning. 


Originally, the word clone (cloning English from Greek. Κλων - «branchlet, escape, spear») were used for a group of plants (eg fruit trees), derived from a plant manufacturer vegetative (not seed) means. These plant-descendants exactly repeat the quality of its progenitor, and served as the basis for breeding new varieties (in the case of the value of their properties for horticulture). Later became known as the clone is not only a whole group, but each plant in it (except the first), but getting such descendants - cloning. Over time, the meaning of the term spread and he became consumed with the cultivation of bacteria. Uspekhi biology have shown that in plants, and bacteria, the similarities with the descendants of the producing organism is subject to the genetic identity of all members of clones. Then, the term cloning has become used to describe the production of all lines of organisms, and are identical to that of his descendants. Later, the name of cloning has been postponed, and at the very technology of identical organisms, known as the replacement of the nucleus, and then also to all organisms that have been received as of such technology, the first tadpoles to the sheep Dolly. And in the late 1990's of XX century, implying the possibility of using the same technology to produce genetically identical human individuals, and talking about human cloning. The term has ceased to be the province of the scientific community, he picked up the media, film, literature, computer games, producers, and he entered the language as common words, no longer has a special meaning, which he had about a hundred years ago.